Carbon emissions trading is a form of emissions trading that specifically targets carbon dioxide (calculated in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent or tCO2e) and it currently constitutes the bulk of emissions trading.

Pretty much everything we buy has a carbon footprint. Consider a car. It took about a tonne of steel to build it. Producing a tonne of steel emits two tonnes of carbon dioxide. At current prices, this will cost a steel producer in the EU roughly $16. Other companies that can avoid CO2 emissions at little cost (below $16) will sell their rights to those companies that have higher emission reduction costs.

Developing, testing and validating process-based models to quantify the key processes regulating net exchange of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide in terrestrial systems at site/paddock scales, including effects of variation in climate, environmental and land-use variables.